Understanding Quantitative Analysis in Chemistry

Understanding Quantitative Analysis in Chemistry Quantitative analysis refers to the determination of how much of a given component is present in a sample. The quantity may be expressed in terms of mass, concentration, or relative abundance of one or all components of a sample. Here are a few sample results of quantitative analysis: Ore contains 42.88% silver by mass.The chemical reaction yielded 3.22 moles of product.The solution is 0.102 M NaCl. Quantitative Versus Qualitative Analysis Qualitative analysis tells what is in a sample, while quantitative analysis is used to tell how much is in a sample. The two types of analysis are often used together and are considered examples of analytical chemistry. Methods Used in Quantitative Analysis Several methods are used to quantify a sample. These may be broadly classified as either physical  or chemical methods. Physical methods measure a physical property, such as adsorption of light, density, and magnetic susceptibility. Examples of physical methods include: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES)Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS)trace element analysisx-ray fluorescence spectroscopyICP-AESICP-MS Chemical methods involve chemical reactions, such as oxidation, precipitation, or neutralization to form a new chemical compound. Examples of chemical methods include: Titration (volumetric analysis)Gravimetric analysisVarious wet chemistry testsCombustion analysisInert gas fusion Often physical and chemical methods overlap. In addition, mathematics is used in quantitative analysis. Statistics are particularly useful for analyzing data. The primary tool for quantitative analysis is the analytical balance or scale, which is used to measure mass precisely. Glassware, such as the volumetric flask, is also important. For analytical chemistry, a typical balance measures mass to 0.1 of a milligram. A sensitivity of about a thousand times is needed for microanalytical work. Why Quantitative Analysis Is Important Its important to know the quantity of all or part of a sample for several reasons. If youre performing a chemical reaction, quantitative analysis helps you predict how much product to expect and to determine your actual yield. Some reactions take place when the concentration of one component reaches a critical level. For example, an analysis of radioactive material might indicate there is enough of a key component for the specimen to undergo spontaneous fission! Quantitative analysis is crucial to the formulation and testing of food and drugs, as it is used to measure nutrient levels and provide an accurate accounting of dosage. It is also  critical in determining the level of contaminants or the impurity of a sample. While qualitative analysis might be able to determine the presence of lead in the paint on a toy, for example, quantitative analysis detects how much concentration exists. Medical tests rely on quantitative analysis for information about a patients health. For example, quantitative analysis techniques can determine blood cholesterol levels or the ratio of lipoproteins in plasma or the amount of protein excreted in urine. Here again, quantitative analysis complements qualitative analysis, since the latter identifies the nature of a chemical while the former tells you how much there is. Quantitative tests of a mineral may be used to determine whether its practical to mine it for a specific element or compound. Quantitative tests are used to verify that products meet manufacturer or regulatory specifications.

Free Essays on The World of Advertising

The World of Advertising Advertising: â€Å"The structured and composed non-personal communication of information, usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, goods, services, and ideas by identified sponsors through various media.†(Arens, 7). We see advertisements everyday, for shoes, for clothes and perfume and even condoms. This dates all the way back to 1974, when the Advertising Trust was established. It was created by a small group of individuals that believed that the best of advertising should be preserved for posterity. But what actually happens behind the scenes of this created project? That is exactly what my paper will answer. Its easy to get public relations and advertising confused. The difference is that one is for selling and one is for persuasion. Advertising costs a lot more yet they have control over their message. Public relations do have more creditability, but advertising can easily appeal to one specific group. Behind the scenes advertisers use demographics to target a specific audience. They use marital status, age, gender, geography, income, lifestyles and hobbies all as ways of attracting our attention. Advertisers spend 201 billion dollars a year on their advertisements, which seems like a lot but the more your product sells, the less you can charge for it. Most people think that it makes products more expensive, which starts off the criticisms of advertising. The majority of the population feel that advertisements makes them believe one thing, and its really another. You might see a commercial for a great toy to buy your kid, and when you finally do, the kid plays with it and it breaks! Advertisements also make people buy things they don’t need because it will make them feel better about themselves. They easily use sex to get attention, and can influence the content of media by getting their product talked about on TV. Even politicians use the process by asking for money t... Free Essays on The World of Advertising Free Essays on The World of Advertising The World of Advertising Advertising: â€Å"The structured and composed non-personal communication of information, usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, goods, services, and ideas by identified sponsors through various media.†(Arens, 7). We see advertisements everyday, for shoes, for clothes and perfume and even condoms. This dates all the way back to 1974, when the Advertising Trust was established. It was created by a small group of individuals that believed that the best of advertising should be preserved for posterity. But what actually happens behind the scenes of this created project? That is exactly what my paper will answer. Its easy to get public relations and advertising confused. The difference is that one is for selling and one is for persuasion. Advertising costs a lot more yet they have control over their message. Public relations do have more creditability, but advertising can easily appeal to one specific group. Behind the scenes advertisers use demographics to target a specific audience. They use marital status, age, gender, geography, income, lifestyles and hobbies all as ways of attracting our attention. Advertisers spend 201 billion dollars a year on their advertisements, which seems like a lot but the more your product sells, the less you can charge for it. Most people think that it makes products more expensive, which starts off the criticisms of advertising. The majority of the population feel that advertisements makes them believe one thing, and its really another. You might see a commercial for a great toy to buy your kid, and when you finally do, the kid plays with it and it breaks! Advertisements also make people buy things they don’t need because it will make them feel better about themselves. They easily use sex to get attention, and can influence the content of media by getting their product talked about on TV. Even politicians use the process by asking for money t...

Build team effectiveness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Build team effectiveness - Research Paper Example characteristic of effective team is that it has clear and demanding performance goals and the atmosphere tends to be informal, comfortable (DeRuvo 5-7). In effective teams, every individual carries his or her own weight and all decisions are democratically made. Generally, there is efficient use of ideas characterized with open communication. Team effectiveness requires loyalty to the team and believing in every individual’s contribution. Every team member’s contribution should be respected by others and open communication should be enhanced among members (Folkman 1-3). Strong communication and collaboration as well as trust and commitment are regarded as the building block of successful teams. However, ineffective teams are characterized with low unity of purpose and the group does not involve itself with discussions that maintain it. There are also low performance goals and the atmosphere tends to reflect indifference. Some group members do not carry their fare share and criticism is characterized with hostility. Ineffective teams also have dominant figure who seek to gain power and dominate the group and personal feelings are hidden. Team leaders are supposed to be patient and pay attention to every member’s details. Team leaders are not supposed to take sides when it comes to problem solving issues especially when there conflict among members. Leaders should give a listening ear to every member and encourage pursuance of a common goal (Folkman 1-3). Every team member should learn to respect each other’s opinion and avoid creating unnecessary conflicts. Team members should further avoid unhealthy competition among themselves. Team members should embrace diversity of skill and personality and have a meaningful common purpose (Martini Web). Team members who have never worked in a team should further be free to share their ideas and increase their commitment towards the common goal of the team. Goal setting and tend to inspire and motivate others at a